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PAGAT gels were prepared using 89% w/w water, 3% acrylamide, 3% N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (Bis), 5% gelatin (300 bloom) and 5 mM tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC). The unmodified gel melted at 55˚C thus, several additives were used. The BANG-3 type polymer gels were prepared using a BANG kit. To determine the feasibility of polymer gel dosimetry in clinical radiotherapy, we attempted to investigate the temperature-dependent properties of the polymer gels under simulated clinical irradiation conditions using a Radiation Treatment Planning System (RTPS).īANG-3-type (Bis, Acrylamide, Nitrogen and Gelatin) polymer gels (BANG3PRO MGS Research, Inc., Guilford, CT), and PAGAT (Polyacrylamide Gel and THPC) gels were prepared. Several clinical irradiation studies using polymer gels have been conducted to date -, but fundamental investigations of the temperature dependence of these gels are needed prior to the clinical application of gel dosimetry. This study was designed to investigate the fundamental temperature effects on R 1 and R 2 by investigating the differences in temperature properties between the dose and R 1, and the dose and the R 2 calibration curve. The fundamental properties of the temperature dependence of R 1 of polymer gels remain unknown. This study investigated the dependence of R 2 on the dose received by polymer gels exhibiting a higher dose response than R 1. The spin-spin relaxation rate (R 2 = 1/T 2, s −1) and spin-lattice relaxation rate (R 1 = 1/T 1, s −1) provide the degree of polymerization of the irradiated gels and the radiation dose.

MRI is commonly used to evaluate the dose received by irradiated polymer gels. Precise measurements of polymer gels in clinical settings are thus needed in order to determine the temperature dependence of polymer gels. Polymer gel dosimetry evaluated using MRI is conducted in low temperature environments because the gels melt at temperatures over approximately 25˚C, providing poor spatial information and inaccurate dosimetric results. The clinical use of current polymer gel dosimeters faces several problems, including the temperature stability of polymer gels under irradiation and during dosimetric evaluation using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Measurements using an ion chambers are precise, but an ion chamber is a point-detector, and thus is not suited to 3D dosimetry. Radiotherapy is complex and requires precise monitoring. Polymer gels provide new three-dimensional (3D) dosimetric tools that hold promise for the 3D measurement of 3D doses during clinical radiotherapy, thus enhancing quality assurance. It is suitable to evaluate the gel dosimeter under the thermal equilibrium condition, MRI room temperature from the point of view of the stability of the irradiated gels.

Measurement of difference between various temperatures is significant with dose accuracy. The dose map from the irradiated gels obtained using the dose-R 2 curve was the same as that from the planned data under the same temperature conditions.

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The difference in the full width of half maximum of the gel profile data obtained using the four-field box technique at 20☌ and the planned data were below 5% on average. The slopes of the dose-R 1 curves were more parallel than the slopes of the dose-R 2 curves between 5 and 41☌. The slopes of the fitted curves of the dose-R 2 decreased as gel temperature increased. The dose-R 2 response curve was linear up to 20 Gy at 20☌, with a slope of 1.17 Gy-1˙s-1. The profile of the dose map generated from the four-field irradiated gel data at 20☌ was then compared with the planned data. Irradiated gels were evaluated from 1.5-T magnetic resonance R 2 and R 1 images for each 5☌ change in temperature from 5☌ to 41☌, and then the four-field box technique irradiation plan was used to deliver a total dose of 4 Gy using the same beam weight in each direction to the prepared gels. Prepared gels were irradiated with a 6MV X-ray beam at intensities ranging from 0 to 20 Gy in order to investigate their dose-R 2 and dose-R 1 responses. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the temperature dependence of polymer gels during scanning Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Polymer gels are three-dimensional dosimetric tools.